STADA #Colds_and_flu #Runny_nose_and_sinuses #HEALTH_CARE
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics. Xylometazoline is an imidazoline derivative, an α-adrenergic sympathomimetic. directly excites α-adrenergic receptors and vasoconstriction. when applied topically, it reduces swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and hyperemia. restores the patency of the nasal passages and facilitates nasal breathing by decongesting the mucous membrane and improving the drainage of secretions.
The preparation begins to act in 5-10 minutes, and the effect lasts for several hours (on average 6-8 hours).
With intranasal administration, the amount of the agent that is absorbed can sometimes be sufficient to develop systemic effects, for example, from the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system.
Pharmacokinetics. When applied topically, xylometazoline in blood plasma is practically undetectable (plasma concentration is below the definition limit).
Indications
Swelling of the nasal mucosa in case of colds and rhinorrhea with a large amount of liquid mucus (vasomotor rhinitis), allergic rhinitis.
Application
Grippostad rino is intended for nasal administration.
Grippostad Rino 0.05% nasal drops. Children aged 1 to 5 years (under the supervision of adults) 1-2 drops in each nasal passage up to 1-2 times a day if necessary, but no more than 3 times a day.
Children aged 6 to 11 years (under the supervision of adults) 2-4 drops in each nasal passage up to 2-3 times a day if necessary, but no more than 3 times a day.
Grippostad Rino 0.1% nasal drops, Grippostad Rino 0.1% nasal spray. Adults and children over the age of 6 years - 1 drop (1 injection) in each nasal passage up to 3 times a day as needed.
The dose is determined depending on the individual sensitivity and symptoms of the disease. Grippostad Rino is not recommended for use for more than 5 days. Before starting a new course of treatment, you should take a break for several days.
Do not exceed the recommended dose.
For the duration of treatment, you should consult a doctor.
In the case of chronic rhinitis, treatment should be carried out under medical supervision due to the risk of thinning of the nasal mucosa.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. "Dry" inflammation of the nasal mucosa with crusting (dry rhinitis). transsphenoidal hypophysectomy or a history of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, as well as surgical interventions with exposure of the dura mater. angle-closure glaucoma. simultaneous treatment with MAO inhibitors and within 2 weeks after the termination of their use. acute coronary diseases, cardiac asthma. hyperthyroidism.
In connection with the use of benzalkonium chloride as a preservative in the composition of the preparation Grippostad Rino, it is impossible to use with a known hypersensitivity to this substance.
Side effects
From the heart: palpitations, arrhythmias.
From the nervous system: headache, convulsions (mainly in children), insomnia, fatigue, dizziness.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: burning and dryness of the nasal mucosa, sneezing, shortness of breath, increased swelling of the nasal mucosa (decreases after preparation exposure), epistaxis.
From the side of the cardiovascular system: hypertension.
General disorders and the condition of the injection site: fatigue, drowsiness.
From the side of the organ of vision: visual impairment.
From the digestive tract: nausea.
From the immune system: hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema, skin rash, itching).
From the side of the psyche: agitation, sleep disturbance, hallucinations (mainly in children).
special instructions
During treatment with the drug, some side effects (especially shortness of breath) may occur. avoid overdose.
The preservative contained in the preparation (benzalkonium chloride) can, especially with prolonged use, cause swelling of the nasal mucosa. If such a reaction is suspected (for example, continuous accumulation of mucus in the nasal passages), nasal preparations that do not contain preservatives should be used.
Grippostad Rino can be used by carefully weighing the benefits of the expected benefits over the possible development of undesirable effects in the following cases:
- in patients treated with MAO inhibitors or other drugs with a suspected hypertensive effect;
- increased intraocular pressure, especially angle-closure glaucoma;
- some cardiovascular diseases (for example, ischemic heart disease, hypertension);
- pheochromocytoma;
- metabolic disorders (eg hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus);
- porphyria;
- hyperplasia of the prostate gland.
Patients who often have colds can only use Grippostad Rino under medical supervision due to the risk of thinning of the nasal mucosa.
With prolonged use or overdose, reactive hyperemia and repeated accumulation of mucus in the nasal passages may occur, which causes narrowing of the airways, in the case of constant use of the drug, it can lead to chronic accumulation of mucus in the nose (rhinitis medicamentosa) and even to atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
In mild cases, you can stop using the sympathomimetic in one nasal passage until the above symptoms disappear in order to maintain part of the nasal breathing.
Use during pregnancy and lactation. The preparation should not be used during pregnancy.
Due to the lack of data on whether the active substance is excreted in breast milk, the preparation should not be used during breastfeeding.
Children. Grippostad Rino 0.05% nasal drops should not be used in children under 1 year of age. Use in children aged 1 to 11 years is recommended only under adult supervision.
Do not use Grippostad Rino 0.1% nasal drops and Grippostad Rino 0.1% nasal spray in children under 12 years of age.
The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving or operating other mechanisms. Long-term use or use in high doses of cold remedies containing xylometazoline does not exclude the effect on the cardiovascular system. In this case, the ability to drive vehicles and work with precision instruments is also reduced.
Interactions
May enhance the effect of sympathomimetics and reduce the effect of drugs that suppress sympathetic nerves. when used with β-adrenergic receptor blockers, it can cause bronchial spasm or decrease in blood pressure. when used together with tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants, an increase in the systemic action of xylometazoline is not excluded. use in parallel with MAO inhibitors is contraindicated.
Overdose
Overdose or accidental oral use can lead to the following symptoms: dilated pupils (mydriasis), nausea, cyanosis, fever, increased fatigue, increased sweating, pallor, peripheral vasoconstriction, convulsions, disorders of the cardiovascular system (tachycardia, arrhythmia, ag ), asystole, impaired lung function (pulmonary edema, respiratory disorders), mental impairment, drowsiness, decreased body temperature, cold extremities, decreased heart rate, shock-like decrease in blood pressure, apnea.
In case of severe overdose, especially in children (for example, if high doses of the preparation are accidentally swallowed), the stages of stimulation and depression of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system may alternate. Symptoms of CNS stimulation can include anxiety, agitation, hallucinations and, in severe cases, seizures. Symptoms of CNS depression can be a decrease in body temperature, lethargy, drowsiness and, in severe cases, the development of a coma.
Treatment: in case of complications arising from an overdose, patients should undergo intensive therapy: urgently apply activated charcoal (absorbent), sodium sulfate (laxative) or wash the stomach, ventilate the lungs.
Storage conditions
At temperatures up to 25 ° C. shelf life after opening the bottle - 6 months.
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